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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
Oleh : Nobel
Selasa, 10 Oktober 2000 (21:35 WIB) dari IP 131.169.98.44
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
has by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences been awarded
with one half jointly to
ZHORES I. ALFEROV
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St.
Petersburg, Russia and
HERBERT KROEMER
University of California at Santa Barbara,
California, USA,
and with the other half to
JACK S. KILBY
Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA.
The researchers|APO| work has laid the
foundations of modern information
technology, IT, particularly through their
invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes,
and integrated circuits (chips).
RE:The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
Oleh : Press release
Selasa, 10 Oktober 2000 (21:42 WIB) dari IP 131.169.98.44
obel Prize in Physics 2000
Available in: ()
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel
Prize in Physics for 2000 to scientists and inventors whose work has laid the
foundation of modern information technology, IT, particularly through their
invention of rapid transistors, laser diodes, and integrated circuits (chips).
The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to
Zhores I. Alferov
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, and
Herbert Kroemer
University of California at Santa Barbara, California, USA,
"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and
opto-electronics"
and one half to
Jack S. Kilby
Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA
"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"
Modern information technology
In today|APO|s society increasing amounts of information flow from our
computers out through the optical fibres of the Internet and through our
mobile telephones to satellite radio links all over the world. Two simple but
fundamental requirements are put on a modern information system for it to
be practically useful. It must be fast, so that large volumes of information
can be transferred in a short time. The user|APO|s apparatus must be small so that
there is room for it in offices, homes, briefcases or pockets.
Through their inventions this year|APO|s Nobel Laureates in physics have laid a
stable foundation for modern information technology. Zhores I. Alferov
and Herbert Kroemer have invented and developed fast opto- and
microelectronic components based on layered semiconductor structures,
termed semiconductor heterostructures. Fast transistors built using
heterostructure technology are used in e.g. radio link satellites and the base
stations of mobile telephones. Laser diodes built with the same technology
drive the flow of information in the Internet|APO|s fibre-optical cables. They are
also found in CD players, bar-code readers and laser pointers. With
heterostructure technology powerful light-emitting diodes are being built
for use in car brake-lights, traffic lights and other warning lights. Electric
bulbs may in the future be replaced by light-emitting diodes.
Jack S. Kilby is being rewarded for his part in the invention and
development of the integrated circuit, the chip. Through this invention
microelectronics has grown to become the basis of all modern technology.
Examples are powerful computers and processors which collect and process
data and control everything from washing machines and cars to space probes
and medical diagnostic equipment such as computer tomographs and
magnetic resonance cameras. The microchip has also led to our environment
being flooded with small electronic apparatuses, anything from electronic
watches and TV games to mini-calculators and personal computers.
***
Zhores I. Alferov born 1930 in Vitebsk, White Russia, then the Soviet
Union. Doctor|APO|s degree in physics and mathematics 1970 at A.F. Ioffe
Physico-Technical Institute in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad), Russia.
Director of this Institute since 1987. http://194.85.224.34/pti00002.html
Herbert Kroemer born 1928 in Germany. Doctor|APO|s degree in physics 1952
at University of Göttingen. Employed among other places at RCA
Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA 1954-57 and at Varian Associates, Palo
Alto, CA, USA, 1959-66. Professor of Physics, University of Colorado,
Boulder, 1968-76 and subsequently University of California at Santa
Barbara, USA. http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/Faculty/Kroemer/default.html
Jack S. Kilby born 1923 at Jefferson City, Missouri, USA. American
citizen. Employed at Texas Instruments since 1958. Professor at Texas
A&M University 1978-85.
http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml
***
The Prize amount is SEK 9 million. Zh.I. Alferov and H. Kroemer are to
share one half and J.S. Kilby is awarded the other half.
More information: http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000
Press Officer: Eva Krutmeijer, phone |PLS| 46 8 673 95 95, |PLS|46 709 84 66 38,
evak@kva.se
